The Impact of using New Technology in Art Exhibitions Essay

The Impact of employ New Technology in Art Exhibitions - Essay usageThis is followed by a thorough analysis of the various expert viewpoints regarding several issues, such as whether online arrangement seems likely to replace traditional exhibition completely. These viewpoints are extracted from different literatures. For the guileistic viewpoint, the research has used ways of Seeing and Management and the Arts, whereas, management books help elaborate the business viewpoint. 1. Traditional Exhibition scientific and technological advancement has dynamically altered the traditional exhibition industry, bringing in innovative engineering science into performance art, as is present in the London Design Museum. This has enhanced the ability of artistic techniques to elicit and generate emotion, and has also made the use of network form more efficient. Experts also write about how technological changes have affected the viewership and appreciation of the relevant art forms and the ir exhibitions. Technology has enabled a whole sensitive segment of visitors to visit these art exhibitions and museums to appreciate the work. These audiences are those present worldwide, who can now appreciate the art by visiting online galleries of these museums (Camp, MacFadden and Mercer, 2000). Thus, the visitors are no long-term limited to physical visits to the institutions. Their visits are no longer contingent on their geographical location, but simply on their passion and interest in art. Furthermore, technology has made it possible to sort out and cater to each of these virtual visitors individually, based on their educational backgrounds, ages and interests. This helps museums further achieve their goals of educating the public with the various lessons that art has to offer, and expanding their minds to further enable them to understand the depths of each baste of art. Thus, with this technological aide, museums are able to enrich the experience they provide to thei r visitors (Perlin 1998). Another relevant insight that the obtainable literatures had to offer was about the Contaminated Cultural Materials in Museum Collections workshop that the azimuth State Museum at the University of Arizona in Tuscon held. The planning and implementation was sponsored by a NAPGRA grant, and the event took place from March 16th to eighteenth in 2000 (Odegaard & Sadongei, 2005). The workshop was held for representatives of the twenty one American Indian tribes in Arizona, aiming to discuss the features and quantity of chemic contamination present on tribal cultural material that the museum possesses. Following this, it aimed to explain the need for using such poisons on the materials. This was accompanied by a brief overview of the health risks, which are potentially given over with preserving and restoring a functional object in order to display to a community. Finally, the workshop aimed to circulate the clearinghouse learning pertaining to medical refe rrals as well as toxicologists, chemical hygienists and other such health experts (Odegaard and Sadongei, p xi, 2005). expiration The workshop highlighted some important facts that need attention when museums and tribes plan to collaborate in the restoration of objects in the first place sending them back to their place of origin. It shed light on the importance of communication in this ordeal. It is the museums certificate of indebtedness to actively communicate all issue during consultations, and to keep the tribes informed during the whole process. The chances of uncovering a just health issue of

Project Manager Being an effective project manager Essay

Project Manager Being an effective aim manager - turn up ExampleIndeed, we managed to implement the system but this was not an easy task given that there were so many problems that were encountered right from the pouch initiation process up to the end. However, I stand that the triumph of much(prenominal) a project mainly depends with the leaders capability to deal with people involved in the project in a positive manner. It is not very easy to convince people to misdirect the theme of a new project without explaining to them the main idea behind such an initiative. When confronted with such a situation, an effective leader ought to engage entirely the people who departing be involved in the project so as to be in a position to gain their support towards the idea. According to corn dodger (2008), the most important occasion when initiating a project is to ensure that there is pledge and consensus among all(a) the stakeholders who will be involved in such a project. Peo ple often view the same thing in distinguishable ways and their opinions differ as a result of various factors. However, I realised that in order to become an effective project manager, there is need to involve all members who will execute the project so that they sewer be in a position to express their views and ideas freely. usual understanding can be created if all members of the police squad bundle the same ideas towards something. In our case, we only managed to go along consensus when we discussed the idea as a team given that some of the employees were against the idea in the first place. An idea that is shared by the majority of people in a group is likely to succeed and project leaders should be accommodative to different views suggested by former(a) people. When the project idea has been approved and an agreement has been reached, the project manager should take a leading role in the execution of that project. However, being a leader does not mean to say that a projec t manager has the autonomy to dictate everything to other members involved in the project. An effective project manager is always on the ground to monitor all tasks and activities being performed by different members of the team. The manager should also be in a position to get feedback from the team members so as to be in a position to describe necessary adjustments to different aspects of the work being undertaken. As a leader, I noticed that it is essential to interact with different team members so that all people involved share the same vision as stated in the project plan. All project phases have to be implemented according to schedule so as to ensure that the set goals are attainable. Effective managers carefully consider all aspects of a project and they make sure that all activities are performed according to set plans. Another very important element that determines the forte of project managers is related to team communication. It is quite impossible for any project to be a success without proper communication in place. Kritzinger, Bowler & Goliath (2003) suggest that there is no project which can be a success without a good communication system in place. Basically, communication ought to be timely and it should be effective so that all people involved in the project share the same vision towards the project goals. An effective manager in this case has the responsibility of coordinating all communication initiatives and he should also make sure that open communication channels are gear up it place in order to ensure that he can get

Max Weber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Max Weber - Essay ExampleFor instance, Catholic philosophy as formulated by Aquinas differs from earliest Christianity and Stoicism in the viewpoint concerning equality of entirely man considerate beings. This doctrine greatly influenced power relations in modern society metaphysically where gentle beings suffer either because of the original sin, individual causality of karma, or the corruption of the dualistic world. In which case, human beings suffer violence, strife, and differences in worldly social status and position. This in return created various and modern castes and stratifications that endure been providentially ordained, and each of them has been assigned some specific, indispensable task desired by god or determined by the impersonal world order, so that different ethical obligations devolve upon each. (Weber 1993). These castes were maintained because of the visit for divinely ordained authoritarian relationship which contributes to the kind of modern social and political administration we hand today. This in accordance discourage or condemn either revolt or rebellion against the chest as it only means creaturely arrogance or pride against the sanctity of God-built social order. Meanwhile, submitting to the established thoroughgoing organization and functioning based from the assigned task will give person happiness in the world and in the life to come. Meanwhile, Islamic doctrine holds no regard to salvation and thus the kind of rulership rejected universalism that leaves the people to decide upon any indifference to the Islamic regulations. On the different hand, social castes return in Hinduism justify dissimilitude and outcasts since the doctrine chiefly depends on persons fulfillment of his cast function to come through higher chances of higher status in the next life. This can be manifested to the doctrines affirmation to social discrimination since it believes to the idea that people who were in the lowest castes and sacrific ed much can gain more in any of transmigration of souls. As Weber pointed out, political power struggle evolved to order of legal sate because of its increasing objectification. However, he also pointed that political power struggle in religions perspective is merely the most effective disguise of brutality, for all politics is oriented to the reason of state, the pragmatic and self-purposive sustenance of the external and internal distribution of power. These goals must necessarily seem completely meaningless from the sacred point of view. Yet only in this appearance does the realm of politics acquire a peculiarly rational power of its own, once formulated by Napoleon, which appears as thoroughly alien to every ethic of brotherliness as do the rationalized economic orders. (Weber 1993).Also important is the religious antipathy to knowledgeable acts that can be seen in cultic chastity meaningfully developed in place of the various types of magical motivation. The doctrine belie ves that sexual abstinence is a fundamental factor to attain salvation. This can be done through contemplative withdrawal from worldly pleasures. Moreover, sexual drive and other related pleasures constitute the most powerful temptation that will only strengthen the hold of animality to human. This religious convention greatly regarded modern sexual act as irrational and are only brought roughly by animalistic tendencies of human. Acts to subjugate sexual acts legitimizes marriage as a regulatory process for sexual intercourse and used the idea of legitimate child rearing to impose action fiercely against whoredom and extra-marital affairs.Karl MarxAccording to Karl Marx, religion depends

Corporate Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate Finance - Case Study ExampleThe companys other division, ALSO, provides information and communications technology and consumer electronics in the wholesale and logistics sectors (Google Finance 2009). Schindler operates in 125 countries, with its 45,063 employees around the world, while most of its ALSO ope balancens ply to European customers (Yahoo Finance).A firms liquidity is measured by certain financial proportionalitys which include the current symmetry, fond ratio, and average collection period. Schindler Holdings current ratio is 1.45 in 2004, 1.3 in 2005, 1.31 in 2006, 1.29 in 2007, and 1.33 in 2008 (see display board 1 in the Appendices). The companys quick ratio is 1.06 in 2004, 0.92 in 2005, 0.87 in 2006, 0.84 in 2007, and 0.95 in 2008 (see put over 1 in the Appendices). As for the companys average collection period, the company collects its accounts receivable in 53.81 days in 2004, 58.29 days in 2005, 59.73 days in 2006, 52.13 days in 2007 and 47.45 days in 2008 (see tabulate 1 in the Appendices).Exhibit 1 in the Appendices shows the ignore of Schindler Holdings current ratio and quick ratio. The companys current ratio has declined from 2004 to 2005, increased from 2005 to 2006 then declined again to 2007. From 2007 to 2008, this ratio is increasing. The companys quick ratio on the other hand has face a constant decline from 2004 up to 2007. In 2008, the companys quick ratio has increased from 2007. The difference in the trend between the two ratios tells one thing-while the company has increased its current additions in 2006, the increase is principally attributed to assets aside from gold, short-term marketable securities and accounts receivable.Exhibit 3 in the Appendices shows an lengthening collection period from 2004 to 2006. From 2006 to 2008, however, the trend goes downward. This means the company has cut down on its collection period. The shorter the collection period, the shorter the operating cycle is and cash come s back to the company from its operations more quickly. ii. Operating efficiencyThe companys operating efficiency is measured by ratios such as the companys inventory turnover, fixed asset turnover, and total asset turnover. Schindler Holdings inventory turnover in 2004 is 22.53 times, 21 times in 2005, 17,87 times in 2006, 16.13 times in 2007, and 18.71 times in 2008 (see Table 1 in Appendices). Exhibit 2 shows the trend for this ratio from 2004 up to 2007, Schindler Holdings inventory turnover ratio is in a downward trend before it goes up in 2008. Since inventory turnover ratio determines how fast a company disposes inventories and turn into cost of goods sold to the company. The company has become less economic in converting its inventories into sales from 2004 to 2007, until it has improved its efficiency in 2008.The companys fixed asset turnover ratio measures how unexpressed the companys fixed assets are employed in terms of contributing to the companys revenues. In 2004, t his figure amounts to 15.42 times, 20.34 times in 2005, 22.97 in 2006, 27.29 times in 2007 and 28.83 times in 2008 (see Table 1 in the Appendices). This ratio has an up(a) trend from 2004 to 2008 (Exhibit 2), which means the company increases the efficiency of its fixed assets, in relation to revenue generation.The companys total asset turno

Cross-Culture Management - the Breakdown of Industrial Relations at HM Term Paper

Cross-Culture Management - the Breakdown of Industrial Relations at HMSI and HRM Strategy - Term Paper deterrent exampleThis outcome resulted due to the malfunction of both management as well as the workers. The ultimate load was on the breakdown of the Industrial Relations.The failure of the company stemmed from a breakdown of strategic sustenance. The surroundings on the shop floor was make harsh by the behaviour of the top executives. For instance, the VP from Japan kicked clear up a worker in his leg, a nonher worker was not allowed to go to the toilet. These instances show the failure of hobby the HR strategies which was to have respect for each worker stemmed from equality, trust and initiative. The strategy was to avoid bias on workers but the scenario was formed as such that it violated the norms of this strategy (Saini, People Management trouncing in Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd.).Among the three joys that the company provided, the most important one was t he joy of producing high-quality products. Along with these joys, an extension was made to its mission and that was the joy of creating which was to help workers obtain happiness in their daily work. Somewhere justice was not provided to the workers due to the prevalence of cross-cultural issues (Saini, People Management Fiasco in Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd.).Management of the above cross-cultural issues is essential to a firms success but the most important trait of an organisational success is the communication portrayed at the right time in the right form. The communication preliminary leads to a reduction of trade union violence within thecompanies.

The Girl who played with fire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Girl who played with fire - Essay ExampleNonetheless, to a bigger extent, this novel is a mirror of the society today, and therefore, presents a challenge, and offers insightful platforms for example transformation of individuals and social unit society. Lisbeth Salander is one of the main vulcanized fibers who carry most of the themes in the novel. Most of the events in this novel are a representation of what happens in the society today. This therefore, plays the role of highlighting these moral concerns in society, thereby, instilling the urge of transform in the people who read this novel. The society today is faced with a high level of moral decadence, just as the case in this novel. First, the aspect of violence is rampant in the novel. The author has use different violent scenes to show this. For instance, forms of sexual violence including rape, shoot-outs, murders, bombings, and axing, are all forms of violence present in this novel. Salander, the main character prop agates some forms of violence while on the other hand, she is also a victim of violence. She uses violence as a defence mechanism for herself and others. As a victim of violence, Salanders character suffers in the media and in the social welfare system. POLICE TRACKING LESBIAN SATANIST CULT. (20.173). ... Teleborian had pret closureed that Salander was violent, which was non the case. The court systems and police force also propagate a form of violence when they fail to traverse the concerns of rape victims in a just manner. The height of violence is also manifest at the end of the novel, when Salanders brother buries her alive, after being shot in the head by her father. The novel therefore, highlights violence, which is extremely despised in society, but still rampant. Gender and gender discrimination is another moral capitulum present in Larssons book. There are both good and bad male characters in this novel. The good men show a higher level of respect for the females. The bad men in the novel are sadistic and perpetuate discrimination of women in the novel. For instance, they show disrespect for women by apply obscene words such as whore, bitch, and slut to refer to women. Some of the men are responsible for raping women, killing women, and beating them up. The press would rip him to shreds. A member of the Security Police who exploited teenaged prostitutesIf only those fucking cunts hadnt been so young. (23.29). Gunnar Bjorck views women as sex objects, and does not feel guilty that he abuse them, he only fears being exposed. Apart from sadistic men, the media, systems of justice, social, and health institutions also contribute to discrimination of females. When it by and by turned out that Norgren had been convicted for sexual offenses twice before, the prosecutor decided to drop the case. But that did not guess the social welfare report on Salander was set aside. (21.10). Although Norgeren assaults Salander, he is not punished for it, yet Sa lander continues to be depicted as a

The Impact Of Technology On Social Interactions Essay

The Impact Of Technology On Social Interactions - Essay ExampleHer concerns are based on the implications of such communication on social interactions among friends and friends. Although technology has transformed the communication circle in heterogeneous ways, Turkle and Wallis offer contrasting and similar views concerning the implications of such trends in todays world. Both authors tackle the come to of technology on social interactions in which people interact with the social media networks and other messaging tools. For instance, they paint a picture that teenagers are glued to their devices interacting with others. It is also apparent that some students do their essays through the internet where they consult the look engines. The two authors contend that this trend is killing physical interactions and may impose negative repercussions on the popular interactions (Wallis 22-23). Another similar concept adopted by Wallis and Turkle is the aspect of life revolving around the digital devices, including in family and executive meetings. This shows how people have reduced the conversation to the mere connection that they do not wish to meet others physically. The general approach of the two articles is how people can change their communication habits to avoid the implications that pass in their lives. The other similarity between the two articles is the different consequences that technology has influenced the modern generation. For instance, children are beseeming anti-social and detached from others since they like using Instant messages and emails for communication (Wallis 22-23). This affects their physical well-being and social development skills, peculiarly when they are overexposed to the digital elements. Considering this, the two articles emphasize the role of conversation and control over individual interactions.

Technology Plan & Email Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology Plan & Email Skills - experiment ExampleIt may occur any time and is unpredictable. If the existing system fails due to any reason, scholarly person massnot continue his online learning. So to avoid such a circumstance, one has to nurse one or dickens alternative estimators. At any situation if the working computer fails then other computer can be used. Try to use all the computers. Otherwise there is a chance for failure in the unused computers also. So check the functionality of the alternative computers occasionally. redeem details of the help desk - Problems like unable to feeler the computer or network may occur in any system. It may also concern the online learning. For this type of learning, student always needs successfully operating computer and availability of network. So keep the details like phone number and E-mail ID of the computer servicing centers or persons and make received of their availability as fast as possible. Student must take sell that t hese persons or centers endure good service and they are efficient in the computer hardware and operating system.Keep the get through details of the classmates and customer service team - There may be situations when cannot have access to his computer or Internet. In such situation they cannot know about details like assignments and other flora give in that session. It will affect his study. To avoid this, keep the contact details of one or more classmates. They can give the updated information about the assignments. So keep a good kinship with classmates. Try to keep details of customer service team. It will help to face difficult situation.Keep the back up regularly - Student should know the basic operations of the computer. Data kept in the computer may lose due to various reasons like, human error, hark disk failure, virus attack, and spacious file transfer etc. (Pacchiano, 2006). To avoid the data loss from the computer, student must take care for saving the data in the in ternal drives. Take the back

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 154

Summary - Essay Exampleas led by different members of the family for example Chaghri was allowed to observe the ara of Khurasan, while the overall power was in the hands of Toghril. The chapter even focuses on the period when the empire consolidated and this period spans from 1063 to 1092 (Holt 26). The consolidation started with Alp Arslan taking over the rule after Toghril. One of the greatest achievements chthonian Alp Arsalans belt was the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in which Alp Arsalans empire gained controlled of areas that were quite intrinsic for the economy of the Byzantine Empire (Holt 28). The chapter ends with the discussion of Saljuq conquest of the region of Persia impacted the region and its stakeholders. One of the impacts that are discussed was the increase in the Turkish population in Persia (Holt 33). Chapter number four focuses on three subjects including the variation of empire and who had the main control and the institution of

Aids work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aids work - Coursework ExampleUnder the Global Fund program started in 2002, luxuriant countries decided to reduce debt on the indebted poor countries which also helped improve the poor countries condition. Ways recommended by the UN Millennium project of 2005 similarly established ways in which exuberant countries could help poor countries. 2005 onwards, yearbook aid for health in the poor countries rapidly increased and so did their health status. Critics of the aid programs atomic number 18 causing harm to the poor countries. They are underestimating the effectiveness of aids to poor countries. Fact is that in a highly globalized environment of the present age, countries depend on each other. Poor countries depend on rich countries for assistance. Research statistics show that financial and medical aid programs are working effectively in resolving the issues of poor countries. Therefore, critics should not criticize these programs and let them be implemented effectively. This was a very informative article about the usefulness and status of aids in improving the conditions of the poor

Investigative Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investigative excogitation - Essay ExampleFirst there is a need for data collection.The importance of this is toacquire holy information togivevalid information. Understanding the data collected willkeepinvestigationfocused. selective information may be corrected usingseveralmethods includinginterviewand surveys then drawing of charts, tables and graphs to name provided few. The data must beputin context thus making information lavishlyclear(BachmanandSchutt, 2007).All information regarding thecaseneeds to be identified. This can becasenumber, investigator, and immersiondateamongst other information. The sources of allegation need to be put in place. These include the complainants information may itbecontact details, location and any otherrelevantinformation. Case naming is paramount, alleged victims, how the crime was reportedand all useful allegation information. All information given relating to the charge should be gathered. Any information given relating to therobbery is pu t obliterate in a chronological order to assist in tracing the perpetrators. An investigator must be able toknowthe suggestof the investigation. In this case, we need toarrestdaytime robbers. Purpose of the investigation must be put mass in writing.A summary of the interview do should be presented. This entails theinterviewernames, witnesses, location, thedateconducted and others. An investigator must be able toassessandknowif the information collected iscredibleor not. Eachinterviewdone must be summarized and conclusions drawn. All evidence gathered should be listed down including all details much(prenominal) as dates, location, andevidencetypeand alsoinformationof the person giving the evidence. After all these fact-finding steps are done, recommendations should always be given. Actions to be taken must be put down and possible methods to be applied tocurbthe vice.Surveillance

Reclassification of marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reclassification of marijuana - Research Paper ExampleAll desirable effects of hemp the like euphoria, sense of pleasantness, more perceptive feelings and other disappear within a couple of hours after halter was apply. Though it is a light drug and if talking medically in fact is not regular a drug, it has some bad effects. These bad effects argon usually of long- call and depend on the regularity of smoking hangmans halter and the amount of product smoked. Among negative long-term effects there are loss of concentration, slow reaction, sleepiness, inactivity and passive reaction towards the irritants of the environment which is called apathy. However these negative effects do not have somehow significantly negative wreak and they appear only if cannabis is used too regularly and in huge portions. It is also clinically proved that without further using of cannabis such negative effects vanish with no trace of them. There are no unconvertible effects of cannabis and no direc t damage to human organism (Goode 2007).Despite peacefulness and harmlessness of cannabis as a psychostimulant or anti-depressant its production and distribution is considered illegal in most countries. The reason of that is that cannabis is not produced by special manufacturers and cannot be taxed because of the easy ways of its cultivation. Another reason is bad influence of cannabis on the activities like driving and working. Nevertheless, cannabis is clinically proved to be a push-down storage less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. The main advantage of legalization of marijuana for the government is an purposeless tax income. Also very significant is the fact that in low developed countries young flock who just want to spend their time in a more interesting way leave alone not be punished inappropriately for the keeping and using small amounts of cannabis while often such individuals are unfairly called junkies and addicts which gives them bad publicity.Progressive western countries developed a legal term Light Drug

Project Financial Risk Management followed in IT industry enhances the Research Paper

Project Financial put on the line Management followed in IT industry enhances the success rates of Projects delivered - Research Paper ExampleFinancial venture Management in IT Introduction Risks precaution is in many ways the process of identification, assessment and prioritization of risks, which is indeed followed by the coordination of all economic resources necessary for the elimination or minimization, monitoring, and control of the probable impacts of uncertain events. It has been order that, risk can come from uncertainties in financial markets, legal liabilities, project failures, accidents, credit risks (Macomber 2003, p. 2). Studies indicate that, at that place are various project management standards, which have been under development in the project management institute, actuarial societies, ISO standards, and the national institute of standards and technology (Hodgson 2003, p.1). The approaches and objectives of hazard supervision vary greatly dependent on the haza rd administration technique applied in the setting of a scheme administration.. In former(a) studies however, hazard administration includes the ranking of the essential developments hazards with the extreme loss are handled first and then the separate hazard are handled in a descendent mode in order of precedence. It is pointed out that nonphysical management usually identifies new types of risks that have about a hundred percent probability tho the management ignores because most organizations lack identification capabilities to handle such cases (King 2003, p. 2). It is recorded that relationship risk come up when inefficient ways of collaboration is experienced. This type of hazard is known to reduce the efficiency of information workforces, effectiveness, service, excellence, point of intersection value, and excellence of earnings at the end. Thus, risk management is a subject or process that of necessity all manner of care to be successful. Literature review From organiza tional perspective, risks arise most a great deal when businesses pursue opportunities in face of uncertainties, while being compelled by capabilities and cost. In most cases, a gainsay comes when it comes to the process of finding a position based on the two dimensions, as it represents in nucleus itself a risk profile that may be appropriate for the initiative acceptable to both intrinsic and external stakeholders of the business in question. Studies affirm that, hazard and hazard administration are premeditated in nature. Regarding, information and technology studies show that, software projects have been recognized to be high-risk ventures, which are disposed to many failures. Some studies argue that there are mainly two classes of risks generic risks that are mutual to all projects, and project specific risks. In many cases, some of these hazards are easy to recognize and regularise or accomplish. However, in some cases, other risks are less obvious and thus very hercul ean to make predictions on their likelihood to occur and the impact they may cause at that time (Levine 2004, p. 32). The complicatedness and difficulty in predictions comes because of numerous project proportions structure, size, complexity, composition, novelty, long planning, and execution horizons. All these have a rough-cut influence on the modest of the scheme at the end hus, any indeterminate discrepancy in this has fiscal implications. Therefore, risk management in information technology, especially software

A Forensic Nightmare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Forensic Nightmare - Assignment ExampleIn the second base instance, Mexican authorities were reluctant to allow FBI agents to conduct forensic investigations on the burying sheets of the victims and their clothing. However, they allowed the investigators to cut a small piece of clothing.The most prevalent challenge in the collection of evidence was contamination of of the essence(p) evidence. From the onset of the investigation, investigators faced an uphill task of collecting evidence at the crime scene that had been contaminated. The starting incidence of evidence contamination was at the Bravo ranch. FBI and DEA investigators arrived at the Bravo ranch and found out(a) the scene was yet to be controlled. Thus, members of the public and Mexican police officers had contaminated the area. In another instance, investigators locate the residence where they believed the two victims had been held (Malone, n.d.). The residence presented investigators with the opportunity to collec t evidence such as blood samples, fingerprints, and pilus evidence. Unfortunately, the interior walls of the residence had been painted by the time investigators were collecting evidence from the scene. The residence had also been cleaned and at last occupied.Mexican authorities were reluctant to surrender all the evidence that they collected from their investigations. For instance, they surrendered pieces of evidence including samples from Camarenas burial sheet, a laboratory report and an unsoiled rope (Malone, n.d.). Unfortunately, MFJP destroyed the remaining evidence citing health concerns. The decease of the remaining evidence was a limiting factor in the investigators ability to rig a conclusive evidence report.Investigators used reference samples and soil evidence in the case to confine the hostage locations of the victims and subsequent burial sites.

Reading Log 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Log 8 - duty assignment ExampleThis made it difficult for labor colligations to organize checks in these locations. Besides, quite a number of occupations were deep in thought(p) through technology changes.Employees in the meat packing industry understand that it is important to champion their rights. Thus, in order to unionize meat packing employees and win considerable gains in wages and benefits can precisely be achieved through mobilizing the force of workers tactically positioned in the supply chain that provides the frozen meat packs to retail outlets. This, therefore, means a fight back against the meatpacking and trucking bosses to once more make those businesses strongholds of union power. However, labor traitors heading unions are pursuing a plan which will substitute direct organization of workers into unions. The plan entails forming alliances with alternative labor organizations, and community groups that systematize workers outside the joint bargaining pack age for improvement of working conditions and better

HU300 unit 8 topic 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HU300 unit 8 topic 1 - investigate Paper ExampleThe director explains how long it takes for a plastic bag to disintegrate and the impact it has in the beginning it actually disintegrates.The main mythic elements focuse on in the use up are water and earth. The effects of these elements in the film are to portray the journey of the plastic bag to the point of its disposal. Additionally, the elements are use also used to emphasize on the durability of the plastic bag. Wind is used in the film to show the motion and the journey of the plastic bag despite its will.Music in the film is used to describe the grimness that the bags undergo. However, this does not stop them from continuing with their journey. This bag in particular is lonely and seeks happiness despite the fact that it understands that such happiness is difficult to find. Eventually, the plastic bag accepts its fate and seeks to outlive everything in order to seek its

Organizing Function of Management Essay Example for Free

Organizing Function of Management EssayThe purpose of this paper will be to quantify the organizing function of management. The organizing function of management develops internal organizational structure. A key role of the organizing function is to prognosticate how spate interact in various business environments. Management uses organizing activities to al superstarocate resources, define responsibility, establish expectations, and host employees. At high-tech firms such as Google that rely on employee skills, knowledge, and creativity to remain warlike, the importance of tribe is evident as well (Bate Snell, 1, 2009). Human Resources Management at GoogleHuman resources management is a courtly system used to manage people in a business environment (Bate Snell, 2009). Human working capital is a source of competitive advantage that is irreplaceable. tally to Bate Snell, gracious resource planning occurs in three stages planning, programming, and evaluating (2009). P erfecting the art of human resources management can provide strategic value to organizational performance. The Google order has secured its place as one of the worlds leading employers.Goggles strategy for effective human resources management is providing employees with unparalleled benefits, perks, and opportunities. Lazlo Bock, Googles vice president of people operations states freedom, curiosity and highly expert employees has forged Googles success (HR Focus, 2008). Planning requires Google to forecast future job trends based market fluctuations and come with growth. In 2005, Google was hiring about 10 people a day, adding to a workforce of more than 5,000 (Lohr, 2005). Currently, Google employs approximately 20, 000 people with various backgrounds and skills. Closely monitoring economic trends and labor supply forecast allows the society to manage all available resources. The following rules of engagement with employees, outline by Lazlo Bock, have contributed to Goggles ef fective human resources management.* strike learners. They are inquisitive, and when they fail, they will ask how they can do better. * Give people the tools and resources to succeed then permit them. * Work on small projects in small teams.* Keep structures flat. Especially as the company gets big, learning needs to flow up. * Discuss everything you can publicly. * Give performance-driven raises. This is helpful in controlling turnover and enhancing retention. * reinforce success, dont penalize failure. If you dont fail, youre not doing your job well. Quarterly goals are set and performance evaluations are based on these the company aims for a 70% success rate.Technology at Google Google was founded on the principle of organizing the worlds information and depict it universally accessible and useful (Google, 2009). The company original began as a search engine provider. The company quickly expanded products and services to include software, e-mail service, advertising platform s, desktop products, mobile devices, and mapping tools. Googles list of services and products are too extensive and increasingly expanding.Googles success can be attribute to the companys expansion of technological services. Google recent advancement has been the development of a stark naked run system, Chrome, designed to rival its biggest competitors. Unlike Windows, Chrome OS is an open-source project like the Linux operating system thats popular with techies, which means outside software developers are welcome to work on it (Graham, 7, 2009). The eat up of Chrome OS as a free open source operating system creates ambition with Microsofts Windows. Google AssetsGoogles dexterity to control the search engine markets has allowed the company to prosper from advertising campaigns. According to Schonfeld, of the 137 billion estimated total searches performed in the U.S. last year, 85 billion were done on Google nearly 90 percent of all the growth in search volume was also captured by Google (2008). Googles profits should empale as the country climbs out of break because the company has weeded out a lot of frivolous expenses during the recession (Liedtke Girard, 2009). Google went public at $85 dollars a shell out 2004 current estimates place Google shares at $430 a share (Liedtke Girard, 2009). The statistics indicated that Google has effectively organized companies assets during difficult economic time.ConclusionHuman resources management and technology play a crucial in business success. Google has perfected work environments that keep employees happy and provides the necessary resources to remain competitive as a company. David MacDonald, who joined Google as an account manager in October 2001, says, It wasnt groundbreaking search engines had been some for years but it had a different approach and was all about the people (Smith, 6, 2008).Google remains one of the worlds leading companies engrossed in the technological revolution. Much of the organ izations success arises from Googles mightiness to venture into multiple applications. Google refuses to rely on the companys search engine capabilities to sustain growth. The ability to adapt to economic demands and competition has facilitated Googles organizational structure.

Mapleland Fiber Network (MFN) Essay Example for Free

Mapleland Fiber intercommunicate (MFN) EssayThe city of Mapleland, Oregon, which owns and operates its own reason utility, built a fibreoptic mesh to monitor power meters at residents homes. The communicate is called Mapleland Fiber Network (MFN). Beca practise MFN had more capacity than was needed to monitor meters, the city expanded its services to offer access to the network for city patronagees. The businesses use the network to communicate with each other and to access the earnings. At the MFN headend, which is located with the city governing body offices, three routers and WAN links connect to the Internet for use by the city. The businesses on MFN also use these routers to reach the Internet.In addition to the business service, MFN also offers cable modem service to homes. A cable modem router at the MFN headend connects to the fiber-optic network. In the city neighborhoods, hybrid fiber-coax nodes bring coax cabling to each street and into the homes for cable mode m Internet access.The MFN backbone consists of a fiber-optic Gigabit Ethernet network that runs through the city in a ring topology. The fiber-optic ring connects the hybrid fiber-coax nodes that bring coax cabling to each neighborhood. Also connected to the ring are sise data routers. Each router links one or more Mapleland businesses to MFN via simple point-to-point connections. At the business, the fiber-optic network enters the building and connects to a media converter. A UTP cable connects to the media converter and typically to a 100-Mbps Ethernet switch. The switch links the businesss computers and servers in a star opology via UTP cabling.1. Draw a network map that shows the topology of the MFN and how the principal(prenominal) components are connected. 2. What other information would you gather to improve your map and add more detail? 3. Mapleland is considering expanding the MFN to intromit radiocommunication access for its residences. What additional investigation wi ll you do to prepare for a citywide wireless network? 4. What security concerns do you have for the wireless network?

Performance in Sme in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Performance in Sme in Malaysia quizThe Auto Industry and the Environment The industry is committed to contributing to an integrated approach, with other stakeholders, to a pristine environment and reduced carbon emissions. Automakers are constantly developing more(prenominal) ef? cient engines and drive-trains to reduce fuel consumption, and a wide range of sophisticated emissions-control technology is putting cleaner automobiles on the road everywhere. With more and more new vehicles with modern exhaust emissions performance on the road, clear improvements in air quality brush off be seen.Automakers have invested hugely in reaching these air quality improvements and in developing assorted automobiles that run on alternative fuels including those from sustainable sources or that use hybrid technology using both gasoline or diesel engines and electric power. Because consumers, as well as antithetic regions of the world, favour different technologies, automakers are developi ng a range of automobiles that run on different fuels. Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada chinaware Czech Rep.

National campaigns Essay Example for Free

National motions Essay walker Crisps control the largest divide of the crisps market in the United Kingdom, but lost significant market package three years ago when consumers began turning to other forms of pungency. Further more, as the populace is made increasingly alive(predicate) of the poor nutrition of some snack foods, the high salt content, and high fat content, they appear to be turning away from brands perceived as less healthy. Unfortunately, despite a revamping of products in 2006, most crisps products ar viewed as less healthy and nutritious than alternatives such as caryopsis bars. National campaigns designed to mitigate the quality of school lunches were effective at turning p bents away from crisps as a lunchbox staple and swelled health campaign have lead commonwealth to consider other snack options including fruits, nuts, yogurt and cereal bars. In addition, there is some indication that a declining birth rate has also negatively squeeze demand fo r crisps as they tend to be most popular among the males in their teens and early twenties. Older and more affluent snackers choose other options including specialty, private label crisps, corn-based snacks and epicurean crisps with exotic flavors.It also seems clear from prove reported by Mintel analysis of the snack food market that there ar some areas in which crisps cannot compete, as some consumers, particularly women seem attached to chocolate and impertinent biscuits as a preferent indulgent snack. And, there is a merchandise nightmare brewing. While crisps mustiness shed their image as fatty, over-salted snacks with no nutritionary respect if they are to state their market share in a health-conscious environment, evince suggests that men in particular do not want to eat something labeled as feed or healthy.The key appears to be a serious media campaign to deviate the way people think just about crisps. Evidence suggestions that the three trends most homogeneou sly to impact the crisps market are a desire to purchase healthier snacks, a desire for classier snacks, and a desire to eliminate snacking in general. The hold out toward Healthier Snacks The evidence is clear that the trend in snacking is to find healthier alternatives. Walker crisps was able to retrieve some of its lost market share in 2006 with the introduction and promotion of healthier, baked varieties, but even faces an uphill battle.In a recent poll, nearly half of the consumers questioned said they would be willing to buy the farm more to be able to buy foods that were free from chemical additives (Mintel, 2007). Since many so-called diet foods are laden with chemicals ranging from preservatives to artificial sweeteners, this may be a market niche that Walkers could exploit with an all-natural crisp. However, it will get word a serious selling campaign to educate consumers about the dangers hidden in other snack foods.Mintels analysis of Walkers marketing expenditure s over the last three years has indicated that they have begun to see the value of print advertising that explains the benefits of their impertinentlyer, healthier product lines. However, it seems likely that Walkers will have to consider a new multimedia advertising campaign that redirects the way people think about crisps. A strict marketing campaign that shows crisp consumption as part of a healthy diet could also assist the company retain market share.Currently, consumers are increasingly turning to other snack options in the article of faith that they are healthier than crisps. It mightiness be advantageous to do a head to head similarity between crisps and several other snacks demonstrating the relative fat content, calories and other nutritional information. For example, the Mintel study showed that 23 percentage of consumers snack on cereal bars, often in the belief that they are a healthy sack.However, development a product label makes it clear that the average cerea l bar has as many calories and carbohydrates as a bag of baked crisps. Walkers also needs to continue with current advertising campaigns which explain the change in oils used to create the crisps and the reduction in salt. All of these combined attacks on accepted nutritional ideas can help to recreate crisps in the minds of the consumer. Furthermore, Mintel analysis shows that consumers are less likely to buy brand products or healthy products when buying for use in entertaining.As part of their overall health campaign, Walkers might want to consider an advertising campaign similar to the ones used by American beer companies. Friends dont let friends drink bad beer could become something along the lines of Show your friends you have great taste, buy walker crisps. Though the concept is a bit loose, it could be refined and would likely results in increased gross revenue for Walkers. The Move to Classier Snacks Another gratifying trend within snack food is the move toward hand-cook ed or gourmet crisps.These premium brands tend to be smaller manufacturers instead of multinational corporations like Walkers, which is a division of PepsiCo. These brands are gaining in popularity among more affluent, educated consumers. They have shown a preference for exotic flavors like Thai sweet chili and sea salt and malt vinegar instead of the example crisps (Mintel, 2007). To that end, it is in the best interest of Walkers to continue to expand their line of premium crisps and to develop new flavors that are likely to appeal to consumers. deep down this market, it is also important to appeal to the health conscious consumer, so any effort that can be made to create these new flavors using infused oils and natural spices instead of something cooked up with chemicals is a plus (Mintel, 2007). These consumers are more educated and therefore more likely to be well-informed about the products that they are putt into their bodies. These consumers are in many ways the perfect tar get for an educational advertising campaign which asks why they are depriving themselves of the textures and flavors they love just so that they can eat a cereal bar that tastes like cardboard.This is also a good market to explore because this demographic is less concerned about the price and more concerned about giving themselves a special treat. Often, hey view eachthing they eat, drink and wear as a form of status symbol and Walkers would do well to establish their premiums brands within this niche. An advertising campaign that reminds consumers that doing something nice for themselves should also taste good would play well to this demographic. The Move Away from SnackingAs part of a health-consciousness campaign, citizens of the United Kingdom are being taught that snacking between meals is leading to the Britains obesity job and should be cut out (Mintel, 2007). According to the Mintel poll, fewer people every year admit to have between meals. While this may be a factor of people not admitting to themselves what their true manner patterns are, it can mean that they are not planning ahead for snacking and not purchasing traditional snack foods like crisps. One of the best ways to deal with this would be another form of reeducation for the populace.Though dietetic requirements are in an ever-changing state of flux as science learns more and more about how the body works, many diets argue that five or six small meals a day maintain blood sugar levels better than the traditional three meals a day. So, even if the addition is simply mid-morning and afternoon tea, Walkers and other snack providers need to change the way the United Kingdom thinks about snacks. Again, the goal is not to have crisps replace full meals like breakfast, but crisps with tea might be a marketing ploy that Walkers could successfully market especially in terms of their premium, exotic brands.Acknowledging that they are competing with scones and sweet biscuits and everything else f or every moment the consumer chooses a snack is imperative to Walkers efforts to maintain their market share. Conclusions The simple truth is that snack foods are facing an increased amount of competition every day with more and more companies looking for alternatives to the standard potato crisp. Therefore, companies which rely on crisps as a major segment of their brand identity must find new ways to market and appeal to consumers.Since we have established that current buying demeanor seems to be based on perceived nutritional value, perceived class and the perception that snacking makes you fat, an aggressive marketing campaign designed to challenge these notions and change them is necessary. Walks must change the perception of crisps as an unhealthy bollocks up of calories and a blase snack. They must jazz it up and create a desire for people to consist crisps into their daily diet. Otherwise, they will continue to watch their market share slip away.WORKS CITEDCrisps and Snac ks, Mintel Reports, May, 2007.

Understanding Society - Classical Liberalism Essay Example for Free

Understanding Society Classical Liberalism EssayThe singleism that Durkheim sees and defends as the ethic of our time is an ethic not just of the individual hut of the individual as man. This is an utterly fundamental point, and not as obvious and straightforward as, at first sight, it might seem. It involves a dualism, in which an ideal of individuation is start go forth of the ideal of humanity (Miller, 1996 96). The dualisms Durkheimian explanation concerns the development of the division of labor, such that at that place are increasingly only twain fundamental identities we heap have, the identity of the distinct individual and the identity in common of man (Hamilton, 1995 136). However, it also concerns the development of in advance(p) society such that it demands a Universalist ethic of the person. This means, amongst other(a) things, insistence on every individuals akin basic example attitude and rights to respect and regard. Indeed, an ethic of the person is the only way to ex run for this status to every individual, and to oppose reactionary identitys that withhold it. The modern individualist ideal is and has to be, for Durkheim, humanist and republican, its aspirations find font in 1789s liberty, compare, fraternity (Miller, 1996 97).Liberalism is neither a vague Zeitgeist nor the outlook of modern man, but clearly identifiable set of principles and institutional choices endorsed by specific politicians, publicists, and popular movements. The early history of wideism cannot be loose from the political history, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, of England and Scotland, the Netherlands, the United States, and France (Berkowitz, 1999 256). As for the main character of the discussion, liberalism for Durkheim remains part of the self-absorbed genius of man towards his environment.Discussion Durkheim published a response entitled, Individualism and the Intellectuals, wherein he discussed the argument, endlessly refute d and always renewed, that Intellectual and object lesson anarchy would be the inevitable result of liberalism. Some varieties of liberalism, Durkheim conceded, are egoistic and threaten the common unplayful of societies by encouraging the individual to become excessively preoccupied with self-interest. However, there is a strand of liberalism, Durkheim argued, that is moral and friendly.This form Durkheim called moral Individualism and he claimed that not only is moral individualism not anarchical, but it henceforth is the only system of beliefs that can ensure the moral adept of the country. In industrial, egalitarian nations such as France, moral virtue and unity are promoted by the liberal practices and ideals of moral individualism. Frances modern moral traditions are largely constituted by liberal institutions and set (Hamilton, 1995 124).Durkheim asserted chat all communal life is impossible without the existence of interests superior to those of the individual. From the outset of his career, Durkheim insisted that in modern Industrial societys happiness and freedom are striked in the context of moral beliefs and practice, embedded in vital traditions and institutions. Durkheim sees in the modern ideal all the values to which he adheres around equality, liberty, justice, fraternity.Moreover, it is important to emphasize, he sees them as coming together in an inseparable package. It will not do to insist on a definition of freedom that in effect composes off other modern ideals, and that camouflages, behind a lot of philosophical talk, a recipe for a minimalist law of nature secern and an anemic and oppressive class-divided society (Berkowitz, 1999 257). It is a recipe for such things if only because the other ideals, which the libertarian state has to trample on, will not go away but are part of the modern gentleman (Miller, 1996 97).Similarly, it will not do to insist on conceptions of equality and community that in effect write off free dom, in a recipe for a despotic socialism. Durkheims project is a commitment to a continuing, developing search to work and rework the human ideals disparate aspirations, which, whatever the tensions amid them, must combine into a whole. It is bound to be a dispute-filled search, if only because of the nature of the human ideal, with its commitment to individualism and free thought, but also, in Durkheims account, because of the nature of modern individuality itself.However, his appeal to the division of labor as a basic source of our individuality can at the same time obscure the point about individuality itself as a source of differences and disputes (Miller, 1996 98). Critics of liberalism tend to be the more aggressive, eager to portray Hobbes as a paradigmatic liberal theorist whose geometrical method, materialist metaphysics, mechanistic psychology, and atomistic vision of society exemplify the poverty of the liberal spirit (Tucker, 2001 68).Meanwhile, when confronted with t he image of Hobbes as one of their own, liberals often react sharply pointing to Hobbess theory of indivisible and inseparable sovereign forefinger and insistence on state supervision of university curriculum and church t distributivelying, they emphatically declare that Hobbes cannot be unsounded to be a liberal in any meaningful sense (Hamilton, 1995 138).As often happens when passions blink of an eye and partisans draw sharp lines in the sand, the truth in its complexity and fine-grained texture becomes the first casualty, in the debate over Hobbess relation to liberalism, each side errs not so very much in what it points to as in what it fails to acknowledge in Hobbess political theory (Berkowitz, 1999 257).In their efforts to present Hobbes as liberalisms torchbearer, liberalisms critics abstract from the fact that Hobbess political science does little to insure the tribute of traditional liberal freedoms and rejects the need, made thematic by the liberal tradition, to lim it government power through and through careful institutional design (Pickering 2001 196).At the same time, liberals who wish to deny any relation whatsoever to Hobbes overlook the fact that Hobbess doctrine of absolute sovereignty is explicitly established for the limited social function of securing and maintaining peace, while subjects obligation to obey the civil law is limited, according to Hobbess theory, by the natural and nontransferable right to self-preservation (Hamilton, 1995 139).Hobbes argued that human beings are fundamentally equal and endowed with certain natural and in-alienable rights, defended the idea of a state based on the rule of law maintained a basic distinction between the public and the private envisaged a sovereign who respected ad hominem freedom by permitting his subjects the liberty of traffic and contract, as well as the choice of profession, where to live, and how to raise their children held that a primary task of a good government was to secur e a rudimentary welfare for all citizens affirmed that civil laws govern actions, not inner faith or conscience, insisted on the utility of toleration (Berkowitz, 1999 258). Adam Smith, on the other hand, introduced two forms of liberalism, specifically economic liberalism and social liberalism. Economic liberalism is primarily about efficiency, whereas social liberalism is primarily about freedom. In modern politics, they often appeal to quite different people (McLean, 2006 314). Economic liberals are often social conservatives, and vise versa. People who believe that the state should get out of the market often believe strongly that the state should police morals (Hamilton, 1995 141).The individualization of altruism thus connects with all the emphasis on how we each become an autonomous source of action and a centre of thought in which the very materials of thought have a personal character (McLean, 2006 315). It increasingly involves, around this common faith, ways of mentat ion and feeling that are very command and indefinite and that let in a growing pack of individual disagreements (McLean, 2006 323). Dissidences, even if including the differences of innate cohesion, must also refer to the conflicts involved in pluralism, factionalism and the freedom in which we each have our own opinions, beliefs, aspirations (Miller, 1996 99).Moral individualism, wrote Durkheim, is the individualism of Kant, Rousseau, of the spiritualities the one that the Declaration of the Rights of Man attempted, more or less happily, to formulate and that is currently taught in our schools and has become the basis of our moral character (Pickering 2001 194). This type of individualism is profoundly different from the egoistic type. Far from making personal interest the object of conduct, this one sees in all personal motives the very source of evil (Tucker, 2001 68). According to Kant, the individual is only certain of playing properly if the motives that influence the per son relate, not to the particular circumstance in which the person is placed, but to the equality as a man in abstract (Holmes, 1995 89).On the other hand, Rousseaus concept of the popular will is an authentic expression of justice insofar as it is constituted not by personal interest, but by public goods and concerns (McLean, 2006 326). Durkheim concluded, thus, for both these men, the only moral ways of acting are those that can be applied to all men indiscriminately, which are implied in the notion of man in general duty consists in disregarding all that concerns us in person in order to seek out fellowmen (Pickering 2001 195). It is perhaps more accurate to say that Durkheims moral individualism invented this tradition as much as It belongs to it (Holmes, 1995 86). Durkheim attempted to piece together his own communitarian account of his favorite varieties of liberalism (Hamilton, 1995 142).A set of liberal, democratic traditions already existed however, Durkheim was well aware of competing communitarian traditions, such as those of the Royalists and the conservative Roman Catholics, as well as of competing liberal traditions, such as those of the classical economists and utilitarians (McLean, 2006 320). Durkheim attempted to show that in the vocabulary of moral individualism there is no fundamental opposition between individual rights and the common good. He first right what he considered to be the necessary communal, social Interpretation of the Kantian autonomous Individual (Pickering 2001 193). Conclusion conceit is equated with individualism wherein Durkheim defines it in terms of sentiments and representations which are exclusively personal, and indeed just talks of it as individuality.This does not sound as if it can just be a matter of organic diversity, of differences that are complementary and cohesive rather than conflicting nor is it. The crucial passage comes earlier on, when Durkheim discusses the nature of the modern conscience collective and of the human ideal at its core. From the perspectives of other liberal philosophers of Adam Smith, liberalism is in the aspects of economic and social strengths wherein the society and industry are in continuous interplays of identities Hobbes emphasized the universal right to personally convene a decision as the basic form of individuality. Rousseau and Kant exemplified liberalism in the form of rights of man to achieve utmost happiness as the form of individuality.BibliographyBerkowitz, P. (1999). Virtue and the Making of Modern Liberalism. Princeton University Press. Hamilton, P. (1995). Emile Durkheim Critical Assessments. Routledge. Holmes, S. H. (1995). Passions and Constraint On the Theory of Liberal Democracy. University of Chicago Press. McLean, L. (2006). Adam Smith, Radical and Egalitarian Radical and Egalitarian. Edinburgh University Press. MIller, W. W. (1996). Durkheim, Morals and Modernity. McGill-Queens Press. Pickering, W. F. (2001). Emile Durkheim Critical Ass essments of guide Sociologists. Routledge. Tucker, K. H. (2001). Classical Social Theory A Contemporary Approach. Blackwell Publishing.

Role Of The Citizen On Earth Essay Example for Free

intention Of The Citizen On Earth EssayThe role of every element on kingdom is indeed instal in its character and it is the same for man, but instead of functioning exclusively as humans, we intentionally squeeze our role as defined by nature trying to be something beyond our reach, and creating more problems than nature itself can solve, calling on us to reverse our course and get back to nature. The Earth is world destroyed by human actions. Deforestation, industrial factory, nuclear industry, dam construction, the use of chemical substances and poisonous flatulence that pollute the environment and atomic number 18 harmful to the ozone layer, mining, and so on are the dangers that the Earth is facing. Humans are who cause the problems, but they are also who find the solutions. Therefore, the destiny of the Earth is shaped by everyone. If we fatality to make a difference on the Earth and lead the Earth to the peace and happiness, we need to blow up now. A citizen could be described as an individual who is born into a country or acquires it by naturalization, which connotes the fact that it is your paternal right to contribute meaningfully towards the development of that nation or country. As far as this true, the context of this essay will enlighten as well as portray the wallop and role that I have played as a universal citizen of our beautiful mother earth which is currently faced with environmental destruction, resource depletion, wars, conflicts, poverty among others.

Dramatic features The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Dramatic features The Crucible EssayThe Crucible is always feeded scarcely in its historical context with Puritan clothes and sets, it is rarely updated. What dramatic features does Miller employ to chequer the play maintains its relevance for a 21st century audience? In this essay I narrow down to discuss how Arthur Miller ensures that his play, which is set in Salem, Massachusetts, in the late 17th century, is lifelessness appealing and tending(p) to a 21st century audience. Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953, during the zenith of the McCarthy affairs in America. In 1692, the ferocity was owing to the alleged infiltration of witches under the command of Satan, while Joseph McCarthy was concerned with the supposed infiltration of Communists into Ameri dope society. In both cases there were many innocent people accused and arrested, and panic bit into both communities. The play is relevant nowadays for many reasons because it links with the situation in Afghanistan, it is e xciting to watch because of the broad(prenominal) tension and quite fast pace throughout, it incorporates dramatic irony to make the audience part of the action, and because it can appeal to so many different types of people.The reason why the whole Salem tragedy came well-nigh was because of an ancient paradox a paradox still thriving and very relevant today. The paradox was the commensurateness between unmarried freedom and prohibitive rules. The people of Salem had a religious theocracy, which was designed to salvage the community together and to prevent any disunity in the neighbourhood. In this respect, the theocracy worked well. However, all governing systems must form rules of prohibition, or they simply will not work.Evidently, in Salem, the time had come when the repressions of order became too unsmooth in comparison to the dangers against which the order was set. The witch-hunt was a sign of the disarray when the balance began to swivel towards more individual freedo m. An example of this paradox in modern society is the war in Afghanistan. Afghanistan was ru conduct by a religious theocracy, under the command of the Taliban. In order for the theocracy to be effective, the Taliban imposed prohibitive rules, such as the rule that all men must wear beards.Perhaps it was excessive individual freedom that led to the September 11th tragedy. Clearly, The Crucible is a parable for many events like the Afghanistan situation with the Taliban. Just judge the reaction of the Taliban if a child had started playing at being an American, like in The Crucible children play at being witches. The anger and fear generated would have been just the same, despite being separated by over three hundred years. Even though times have changed since 1692, human nature is still identical, and tragic events like these will continue to happen because of our nature.It is futile writing a play that has a very relevant message to give to its audience, if the audience doesnt st ay until the end of the play. By using a structure that builds the tension progressively through the play, Miller ensures that his audience are kept firmly on the edges of their seats. He uses a climactic curtain at the end of each act, to entice the audience clog to their seats after the interval. An example of this is the cliff-hanger at the end of the first act, when the girls are hysterically accusing some other women of being with the Devil.

Piggy Essay Example for Free

neandertal Essay swinish was the most technical and constructional boy in his group. piggy represented technology, which must be built upon the initiation of order of civilization. Under Ralphs unstable rule, Piggys words were non listened. Because things that directly fall their daily life, such as safe food and concern of monster, were more important than hopes to be rescued, deal overlooked Piggys opinions. Under barbarian society, technology was never used for its adequate purpose. When cause takes over order, Piggy was abused frequently, for he was not an important source of dictators interest. Piggy frequently argued about Jacks decisions, and, someday, Piggy would harm dictators position, with his practical methods to be rescued.First of all, Piggy had many useful items and smart idea to use them wisely for everyone. His glasses were the lonesome(prenominal) method to make signal to outside of the island. He guaranteed warm, safe night and food as well. darn super stitious rumor were merged from each boy, Piggy suggested another signal on the beach. By his death, he remembered his initial goal, to be rescued, while other boys were fallen in the lawless human nature. His actions were not still for himself, nevertheless similarly for everyone. As being a vestige of lost human civilization, he tested to remind boys the hope of being rescued, and to be organized. However, Piggys opinions were not convincing to uncivilized boys, who cute plans that can make improvements in their lives immediately, precisely not a preparation that would gradually lead them toward meliorate outcome.Second of all, Piggy had no leadership, because he was physically not appealing, and was not clever enough to level his messages explicitly. He had no interest in playing with other boys, so he did not nurse any friend, who could support his opinion. He spoke out his opinion regardless of others when something does not work in his mind. Most of conversations Piggy had were scolding others, like adult disciplining children. Having anything that would return other boys minds, Piggy became an irritant to other boys. Later, he was disregarded by other boys. Therefore, as he was disregarded, his saying also had only a little power. If only he showed his politeness and diligence like an adult, boys would have relied on Piggy.Last of all, Piggy developed plots by making a new topic in the group. He was a strong supporter of Ralph accordingly he deepened the conflict between barbarism and civilization. He suggested practical and reasonable opinions that deserve to be praised in the civilized society. However, he was deserted and ignored by barbarism. In the correspondence with the theme, Piggy amplified the bad aspect of barbarism. Every boy was adapted in civilized world, but possessed savage instinct as well. Piggy did the job of the symbol of vestige of civilization later on barbarism overwhelmed civilization. Golding advanced the theme with Pig gy, by showing reckless behavior of boys, pretending to be civilized, but illustrating barbarism.Piggy was outstanding in thinking, but poor in eloquence. He deserves to be praised that Piggy did not care of others ungrounded blames, so he suggested his proper opinions. However, it is definitely wrong that Piggy didnt consider others mind. However, Golding used Piggy in a sense that how people these old age in a civilization may not care for others feelings and be selfish, but smart and impelling in other way.

Space Time Compression Essay Example for Free

Space Time calculus EssaySpace time compression refers to the speed of transportation making places closer together in terms of social distance. In this free response answer it will highlight examples how technological advancements moderate connected multitude and places around the globe and also show the relation to distance decay and rubbing of distance.The internet has connected us to over millions of contrary sites and has allowed us to communicate almost instantly to whateverone in the world. With the increase in social media sites and applications, using an application like Facebook, a person from the United States finish instant message (IM) to their family member in Australia and catch up versus having to write a letter and assimilate 6-7 business days to arrive. With Friction of Distance it would difficult for a person in the old time to write to someone in a different far away country, especially overseas. It would take very much energy and effort to get a le tter from the United States to Australia first you would have to use the lope Express then send it overseas and take it one month to arrive.Today the evolvement of transportation has surpassed any sort of transportation back in the ages. With cars, trains, jets, cruise liners, the ability to transport or travel is high-velocity than ever before. The first earth tracks were created by humans carrying goods and often followed game trails. Now they have major highways and motored vehicles. Distance decay is decreased because of the amount of tourism in the world. It allows other people from different places in the world to interact with one another.With technological advancements in transportation and communication it has allowed many people and places to have greater interaction because of space-time compression.

To be, or not to be Monologue Essay Example for Free

To be, or not to be monologue EssayTo be, or not to be that is the hesitationWhether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous partOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?Perhaps the nearly oft quoted of the bards words, this soloiloquy by Hamlet in Act III, Sc. 1 (58-62) defines the highest point of the prominent conflict that is going on in the protagonists mind and reveals approximately insightfully the character of the prince and the crux of the matter of his great catastrophe. Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is troubled by the good implications of committing suicide whether to live and suffer the vagaries of fate that humankind is showcase to or whether to rebel against the utter helplessness of the human condition and end it all(prenominal) in death.The character of Hamlet is of a philosophical and contemplative bent and he is deeply troubled by ethical and philosophical issues that can neer be answered with c omplete currentty. The contemplation of suicide at the height of his troubles is even another example of this turn in his character. Is it noble to suffer/ The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune?, Hamlet reflects and we ar reminded of another of Shakespeares great tragic drama, King Lear, where after being mercilessly maltreated at the hands of fate Gloucester arrive at a similar conclusion about the essential tragedy of the human condition, puny beings powerless in front of an omnipotent and hostile fortune As move to wanton boys are we to the gods they kill us for their sport.Hamlet compares death to long-awaited forty winks and reflects on the final slumber and freedom it would bring to the tired and troubled soul To die,to sleep, /No more and by a sleep to say we end /The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks /That flesh is heir to. Persuaded by this metaphor, he decides in birth of suicide, but soon realizes the limitations of the comparision and the deeper and far greater implications of death. Once again we find Hamlet oscillating and intrinsically incapable of deciding on a course of action which is the crux of his tragedy. Just as he is incapable of deciding whether or not to take revenge on his wicked uncle who had beyond any reasonable doubt, killed his father and married his mother, so is he incapable of moving any further than the philosophical reflections on suicide and actually taking his life.This soliloquy by Hamlet actually brings into focus all the most crucial themes of the play. It directly addresses the issues of death and suicide the significance of which can not be understressed. by dint of Hamlets incapability of motivating himself into action, the speech problematises yet again the complex relation amidst human thought and action. And last but not the least, it brilliantly dramatises the impossibility of finding any certain answers in an universe which is essentially ambiguous.The biggest mystrey of the play Hamle t concerns nobody else but the character of Hamlet, and there has never been any dearth of speculation about his real motivations, his psychology etc. However, the famous Romantic novice William Hazlitt provided an interesting angle of approaching this highly complex charater when he wrote It is we who are Hamlet..Truly, Hamlet, more than anything else is a brilliant metaphor for the human condition a perfect representation of modern man. In his inability to arrive at any fruitful decision to act on, in the overwhelming drama that goes on in his mind all the time making him suffer all the more intensely and in his almost masochistic compulsion to probe the darkest and most fearsome depths of his own mind, he is surely the most perfect figure in literature to voice the most fundamental of all human question To be or not to be?Works CitedHazlitt, William. Characters of Shakespears Plays. http//shakespearean.org.uk/ham1-haz.htmShakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. R.A. Foakes. Surrey Int ernational Thomson print Company, 1997.Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Ed. R.A. Foakes. Surrey International Thomson Publishing Company, 1997.

Changes In Employment Relations Due To Globalisation

Changes In Employment Relations Due To GlobalisationDue to globalisation the conflict relations has affected all over the world. In the past few decades there argon many frugal policy changes all over the world. Globalization points to combining of countries within the world delivery through increase transaction, investment, short term capital f firsts, and migration of skilled and unskilled workers internationally. This essay describes about changes of employment relations in both advanced and developing countries as a result of globalisation.Globalisation is a process is not a condition or a fact. Globalisation involves two points. The first phase is about cheap advertise for wear down intensive production. The second phase is puzzling involves high technical school manufacturing and service. Due to global change the employee relations father at a lower placegone a sustainable change and the watchfulness of military man resource drop also changed. This study starts by investigating employment relations in India followed by the employment relations in res publica of Korea before and aft(prenominal) globalisation. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)Now this paper describes about India. The people of India was 1.2 billion in 2008.India got its independence in 1947 before the independence the Indian industries was predominate by head-to-head owners they recitationd an autocratic leadership style and the employment relations on those days was in an ad hoc manner. After independence the employment relations scenario was totally different because a large number of industrial enterprises was substantial this resulted in industrialization. Due to growth in organisation the one main dominance was unexpended behind, the functions of management argon distinguished into different departments. earlier globalization Indians made their decisions in management ground on interpersonal considerations comparative to task demands. This is due to the spring the Indi an management institutes have borrowed western education system. (Budhwar, 2003)Indians were brought up in an environment where they value conceptive family relationship and they ar dependent on new(prenominal)s. Indian managers in the past argon trained in the west and most of the management institutes in India have adopted western management system.Now this essay discusses about trade junctures and collective bargain in India. In India the trade unions have come across 4 main phases, the four phases are the early years (1850-1900), the growth years (1900-1947), the militancy phase (1947-1970) and decline phase (1980). (Budhwar, 2003) The trade unions were strong before 1980 after 1980 the trade unions began to weaken. The reasons for failure of unions are the workers to lose faith due to more than strikes and they mixed-up the confidence in military trade unionism. In India most of the trade unions in the past are controlled by outsiders like political parties and other p ersons who were not work in the industry. The collective bargaining in India has come across three periods from 1920 to 1950 and 1951 to 1969 and from 1970 till now. From 1920 to 1950 the collective bargaining was in the early stage and this method was not used for the regulatory labour conditions. In 1951 to 1969 collective bargaining was used to settlement of industrial quarrel. When comparing to the developed countries the economic condition in India was less due to this the union workers could not be in strike for a long time. (Budhwar, 2003)Discussing about the employee relations in the state Indian political relation has proposed four policys over the past like maintain industrial peace and foster trade unions peace. To fulfill the policy state has come up with many labour laws alone the laws were not victoryfully implemented. Before the new economic policies the state government encouraged unions instead of cutting down the unions. Due to this reason there were many un ions in India. Before globalisation the external trade was 0.44 in 1989 but after the relaxation of economic policies in 1991 the share trade id 0.8 in 2004. But when comparing the trade with chinaware India has grown up less. (Budhwar, 2003)Berore globalization the practise like recruitment, training, promotions and lay off are non generalize. A perfunctory method of recruitment and selection was not followed before globalization. The recruitment was based on word of sassing advancement. (Budhwar, 2003)After the rest of Indian economy the law has been proposes that all the new jobs should be advertised powerful and process of recruitment should be formal. And also Indian government has created a tender-hearted resource training ministry at the central government direct and there is a large number of professional institutions abide training and development in hr related. The rules as been passed that the new employees should be taken initially as an apprentice this shows th at there is a formal and structured approach in recruitment of people in India for organization. (Budhwar, 2003)Globalisation is due to investment of multinational companies in developing countries. According to the World Bank bode in 2020 India will become as a fourth largest economy in the orbit. After liberalisation of economic policies in 1991 the economy has increase positively. (Jayasuriya, 2008)Due to these developments more impertinent firms in advanced countries shows interest of doing subscriber line in India. Indian domestic companies are under pressure due to liberalisation and there is an increased level of competition between the domestic firms and MNCs. (Budhwar, 2003)Currently Indian managers are appointing themselves with the new techniques in management and the different phases of the management function which will be helpful in maintaining good employee relation. A seek has been conducted in human resource of Indian organisation and they have given a feedback that without the development of human resource, Indian firms will not be qualified to takeover new technology and they cannot competitive with other abroad competitors. (Chishti, 2002)In 1970 new approaches for collective bargaining was developed. From 1970 collective bargaining has moved from enterprise level to the plant level in the country. Due to globalization and increase in multinational companies in India the unions have lost their strengths and reforms. Due to change in economic conditions the unions join with the management now to take a cooperative approach in management decisions. Only two portion of workers in India are under collective bargaining agreements. The collective bargaining is going on shrinking in India. (Chishti, 2002)After liberalised economic policies in India. Many global companies started their plants in India due to globalization the productivity got increased and the employees got higher founder and their basic pay was increased. And the on the job (p) hours in India is reduced now people in India are working only 48 hours per week. The child labour is reduced in India now people who are higher up the age of 18 can only work in workplaces. Due to globalisation exploitation of women is more but they are still been paid low. Currently in India there are 150 acts of labour statute law but they are not fully achieved. (Budhwar, 2003)Having discussed about India now this essay discusses about republic of Korea before globalisation and after globalisation.The republic of Korea has a population of 48 million, almost 80 percent of the people are urbanised, and the urbanisation has increased from 30% in 1962 to 80%. The labour force was 22 million in the late 1990 and the participation rate is high and the unemployment rate was not above 2 percent. Korea gross national product has increased due to exporting oriented manufacturing. Korea is the member of organisation for economic cooperation and development in 1996. In 1997 Korea exp erienced a financial crisis so it got assistance from international pecuniary fund. (Bamber, et., al., 2000)In 1945 the liberation was restructured and the left wing ( chun pyung) was banned in 1947 by American military government. The success of Korea industrialisation is due to cheap labour. In 1980 there was a protest by union activist and students against chum doo-hwan government this protest was the turning point of Korean employment relations the government changed is approach from authoritarian to conciliator approach. Before 1987 unionisation was less in Korea due to strong government, after 1987 Koreans unions have grown to be a powerful institution in labour relations. The working conditions of union members are improved by collective bargaining. The collective bargaining was the important tool for the improvement labours. (Bamber, et., al., 2000)There are three levels of Korean unions and they are local unions, an enterprise, and a region. The employees in the work place will be joining in any one of the unions based on their job and Collective bargaining is decentralize in this level. The unionism of Korea has converted, the unions of car companies are affiliated to the Korean trade union congress but they were not officially recognised till 1997. The developments in 1993 are men have removed women in union activity and due to increase in work force of discolor collar workers, the white collar workers are increasingly unionised. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)Korean employers are engaged in different employers association. For example the telephone circuit which is engaged in export or import there is a membership called Korean foreign trade association. So those who are doing export or import should be the member of this association. The chaebol differentiates Korea from other impudently industrialised economy. The bank of Korea says that the top 30 chaebol contributes 95 percent of the total nations GDP and the top high society which is contribu ting to the GDP is Hyundai (Bamber, et, al, 2002). The development of internal labour markets is due to agency of chaebol large scale economies for low cost competition. Chaebol was the reason for government growth strategy particularly due to blue collar workers. In Korea they were following one set approach similar workers doing similar work in similar working conditions were concentrated by chaebol in one place or region. By 1945 the government proposed a legislative structure for the Korean industrial relations. So chaebol cut off the action of unions they also sought their amenability as company unions. The Korean employment undergo fundamental changes after 1987, collective bargaining was decentralise with the drift of defending managerial command. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)The state plays the dominant role in economic growth in industrialization. By 1961 there was a rapid growth in economic role through export led, low cost competition. The state decided the hike strategy o f chaebol by range over the strain horizontally or vertically. By 1980 the labour laws was rewritten and the unions were alter, and the labour management council act was uttered these acts are passed with the object making the unions power less and building the labour management linkage non-confrontational. From 1989 to 1993 the take are increased in Korea for five years where as in 1987 the wages were not given by the government. The wages were given more easily by the public sector then the private sector. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)The trade union act standardised the collective bargaining in Korea. The members in the union can clear the matters regarding employee and organisation. mostly collective bargaining takes place at the plant level and collective bargaining is the important ingredient for regulating industrial relations. The labour management council demanded a labour management council should be created and meet four times in twelve months with a company having 50 o r more people working. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)In 1997 the national assembly of Korea passed an improved set of reformation to the labour legislation which postponed the relaxation of restriction on layoffs. To reduce the labour cost the employers started to employ contract labours. The contractors are responsible for the welfare of the workers. The unions protest against the legislation of dispatch workers but the employers justify that it should be legalised. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)Due to industrialization there is a decrease in agriculture and unemployment. The agriculture in Korea is reducing by 6% percent every year. Even though there is a massive decline in agriculture the education level is increasing in Korea. The largest business group in Korea hired employees through mass examination but before the economies were developed the workers are hired on the basis of relatives of the employees. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)There are many migrants in Korea especially from the As ian countries. The migrants are working mostly in the labour intensive work place where the work for labour is more. Due to the crisis of unemployment the working hours in Korea is been reduced, by reducing the working hours more people are active and benefited. They Korea respond to the critics by adopting new human resource strategies and senior based reward system, increased use of contingent workers and frequent use of lay off. (Lansbury, et., al., 2004)Globalisation is the major factor for the changes or so the world, due to changes around the world there are some changes on the employment relations as well. In nutshell this paper as explained about changes in the employment relations in the developed countries as well as the developing countries and it has described about the changes that have gone through in the period of globalisation.

Analysing the various Management Principles and Applications

Analysing the discordant Management Principles and ApplicationsThe need for overlord trouble came along with large scale businesses from the industrial revolution. This is gener completely(a)y understood to cover the period from just about 1760 to 1850 in this time there was a major frugal growth. The division of labour, combined with technological advances provided the economic need for a factory system. The factory system however, brought new problems for owners passenger cars.There ar various pi adepters who contributed to the growth of management, these includeF.W. Taylor (1856-1915) he was known as father of scientific management, was a professional engineer.H.L. Gantt (1861- 1919) his master(prenominal)(prenominal) entertain was human universes in industry he wanted to establish democratic societies in factories.Abraham Maslow was a behavioral psychologist who modeled in academia and industry. He wrote various books on human relations. The first book was on need and Personality set out the needfully of a human being these are still staggeringly important factors today.Definitions of ManagementThere is no gener everyy accepted definition of management, however, the take up definition is utter to be that of Henri Fayol (1841-1925) who was a French Engineer, as even today the principles remain the same.To manage is to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to look into. H. Fayol (1916)Henri Fayols definition of management is found upon his initial idea that forecasting planning was about looking to the forthcoming coming up with a plan of action to allow objectives to be met. Organising was seen in structural legal injury while commanding was said to refer to maintaining activity amongst personnel. Coordinating is a unifying activity which efficaciously allows all parts of an activity to work in harmony finally defendling meant, ensuring things are make in accordance with established specifications policies etc. Henri Fayol therefore is responsible for identifying the principles of management which are listed below are further detailed in task 2 of this assignment.ForecastingPlanningOrganisationCommand (Motivating) ascendentCo-ordinating and communicating some separate definition is that of Edward Brech the last of the management pioneers. He believed that management was for the good of society and rectitude was its cornerstone. He collated ideas, added his own unquestionable training programmes textbooksManagement is a social process the process consists of planning, control, coordination and motivation. EFL Brech (1957)A nonher definition is that of Harold Koontz Cyril ODonnell, both professors of business management at the University of California.Management is an operational process initially best dissected by analysing the managerial functions The five essential managerial functions (are) planning, organising, staffing, directing and leading and controlling. Koont z ODonnell (1984)The definitions of Brech Koontz ODonnell are based upon that of Henri Fayol however they stomach made some small changes, for compositors case Henri Fayols term command is changes to motivation by Brech directing or leading by Koontz ODonnell.P2 Explain the principles and processes of management.A managers communication channel consists of planning, organising, directing controlling a comp whatsoevers resources which include the workforce, equipment, finances, facilities materials etc. Management in like manner includes the recording storing of facts in workation for later workout or for the substance abuse of others in spite of appearance the organisation to assist them with their own objectives. Management is not just limited to managers supervisors as every(prenominal) member or employee is responsible to some extent for managing their own functions as part of their speculate.The main principles of management described by Fayol are as follows ForecastingPlanningOrganisationMotivatingControllingCo-ordinating and communicatingWithin any company or organization a manager has many roles responsibilities there job of necessity that they bring on the all of these skills to fulfill the role of manager.ForecastingForecasting is concerned with the future economics of a company or organisation. This involves decisions being made to steer the company or organisation in the recompense direction these decisions testament be based upon forecasts by the management. These whitethorn include financial forecasts such as the annual turnover of the company the requirements of funding to allow the company to fund their redacts. Forecasts may also be in relation to the companys workload therefore allowing them to forecast the required resources i.e. labour.PlanningPlanning involves the future co-ordination of project controlling of resources. Many decisions made in regarding planning will be based upon the companys forecasts as expl ained previously however planning will also be done on for apiece one individual(a) project. This involves the fashioning of decisions which will allow the company or organisation to meet the demands of their clients ensure that the objectives of the business are met. The main objective of a typical business is to make profit, therefore each individual project will be planned organised in detail will be closely managed monitored to ensure it is moving in the right direction, thus ensuring that the clients demands are met that the businesss objectives are met.OrganisationOrganisation involves the arrangement of the company body structure while establishing relationships resources which will allow the companys objectives to be met. Any company or organisation will require that all of their individual plane sections are organized appropriately to allow them to function meet their demands. A managers job will be to define each individual in spite of appearance their depar tment with their own roles responsibilities while ensuring that they all meet their demands in accordance with any specifications timescales while ensuring that they are coordinated with any relevant set based activities.MotivationThis is the process to improve the physiological state of morale within the workforce of a company. A companys most important asset is its personnel, therefore it could be said that the motivation of the employees is essential. The identifiable postulate of an employee includeTo be paid fairly to allow them a comfortable standard of living.To be hard-boiled as an individual while being recognized as a polar part of the aggroup.To brook a reasonable sense of security in their job.To be allowed the luck to show their ability initiative.Having a socially acceptable job with a sense of belonging and acceptance, allowing a high self esteem.Having the opportunity to progress within the company.An employees motivational needs is what that particular emp loyee needs are in order to dish out keep them happy in their job, thus allowing them to perform to the best of their ability. Many of these needs may also be more important than others which a manager should have the ability to detect fulfil, for example, an employee might savor that they should be recognised as an important member of the team as this may boost their confidence. once their confidence is boosted their motivational needs are therefore fulfilled. There are many ways in which companys work towards meeting the motivational needs of their employees as a whole these include the introduction of indemnity schemes and provision of good welfare facilities etc.ControllingControlling refers to the continuous observation of a project to ensure that the work is carried out is continuing as it was initially planned. Should it be noticed that the project is not progressing as per planned corrective action will be taken to rectify this. Controlling is the tactical spear of t he management involves checking the current achievement with pre-determined natess. Controlling may comprise ofThe control of the projects overall budget.The control of monetary digestments for the supply of materials services.Controlling the progress of the project.Co-ordinationCoordination is crucial to ensure that each team or department involved in a project works in harmony to ensure that the project is sinless with the least possible problems throughout the duration of the project. The coordination of management requires regular communication typically in the form of meetings to integrate ideas into action. Co-ordination is not only crucial between the management employees in any one company, it is crucial that there is co-ordination between all parties involved in a project. This keep be difficult specially in large scale projects where for example the Client, Architect, Quantity Surveyor, Contractor Sub-Contractors etc must all work together to ensure that the proj ect is completed successfully. This is where good management is essential to ensure the co-ordination between all of these parties. parleyCommunication is to probably the single most important element within any organisation in particular any construction project as good communication is critical as it ensures the coordination and control of individuals, groups and departments not only within one company or organisation but also within all the other parties who may be involved with a project. Communication ensures control of a companys plans and procedures that any instructions given to staff by the management are clearly understood. Poor communication can lead to ineffective control, poor coordination and inevitably management failure which will ultimately result in a failure to meet a companys objectives i.e. a loss of money.Often, communication can be hindered by simple barriers such as the use of different phrases expressions between parties. Different languages may also rep resent a problem in international contracts, while modern communication methods such as emails etc may be misrepresented. In the construction industry in particular there is a slight create as much of the communication is done by the use of detailed drawings which represent the same to each individual no matter what their language may be.P3 Explain the motivational needs of individuals and groups, leaders behaviors and concepts of team working.MotivationMotivation is mainly concerned withThe forces that stimulate human behaviour.The factors that channel direct this behaviour.The way in which this behaviour can be maintained or eliminated.Motivation is crucial in all workplaces irrespective of the nature of work carried out. Keeping employees highly actuate is the key to a successful workplace. An employee who is happy, satisfied actuate in their job will inevitably be more productive than an employee who has little or no motivation. There have been various motivation theories but all with the same intentions. A highly prompt workforce is ultimately more productive this can help to increase labour outputs therefore decrease costs which will in turn generate more profit for the business. Motivation not only increases the quantity of work but also the quality, therefore having a large group of highly prompt employees can have a positive effect on any business.People can be motivated in various different ways this will be dependent upon their individual needs requirements. For example, one employee may be more motivated by being given the opportunity to use their own initiative, while another employee may be more motivated by the prospect of bonus schemes. Setting work related goals is another method of motivating employees as they are more probably to be productive if they have a target to work toward whereas If a task has no target it may cause employee to feel dissatisfied therefore they will be less motivated.There have been various pioneers of ma nagement theories throughout the years. Amongst them are those by Frederick Herzberg, who believed that the key motivators were achievement, recognition, advancement and job interest. Others include stern Adair, Peter Drucker, Elton Mayo Victor Vroom.As was briefly explained in task 1 of this assignment Maslow wrote a book based on human relations. In the book he wrote about the factors which drive or motivate people. Once a group or individuals needs are satisfied, then they will not be motivated by the same benefits as generally humans all ways stay more. Maslows report shows in order to achieve good results from the staff and able to complete our new proposed construct successfully we would have to ensure the employees needs are catered for and their problems are being listened to.Maslow defined five orders of needs which are as followsPhysiological- The basic survival requirements of warmth, shelter and foodSecurity- Protection from danger of threatSocial- dealings with oth ers, expressed as friendship comradeship or loveSelf-Respect- Sense of personal worth, respect and libertySelf-Actualisation- Sense of achieving your full potentialA more recent and modern approach was from Sheila Ritchie and Peter Martin who actual a theory in the late 1990s that began under the assumption that it was a managers task to break-dance what motivates their workforce. They identified twelve motivational drivers including, the human needs for interesting work, a variety in work, achievement, power, self development, creativity, influence, social contact, money and perks, structure and rules, long term relationships good working conditions.The idea was based on having a method of motivation for each employee as it was based on the belief that each individual had different motivators therefore should have their own motivators used with them. For example, if an employee has worked well achieved more when targets are set, then the manager should make the effort to ensur e the employee know what was expected of them at all times. However, this method is not unceasingly going to be practical many companies simply use incentive schemes which are aimed at all employees. These may include incentives such as extra time off or bonuses in hire for exceeding their targets. Many companys also make use of team building days which are also aimed to increase motivation within the workforce. These days out can range from sporting activities to evening meals all paid for by the employer.Leadership StylesThere are various different styles of leadership used in the workplace this will vary dependent upon the workforce in general, for example, if there is a mixture of non- experient skilled workers, each of these groups may need a different style of leadership to fully motivate them gain the best from them there will of course be a difference upon individuals. The main leadership styles are defined asAutocraticAn autocratic leader can be described as one who simply issues orders to their workforce expects everyone to comply.DemocraticA democratic leader manages by consultation with their workforce encourages each individual to participate, therefore developing a team approach in the workplace.There have been various studies in regards to management leadership, for example Rensis Likert (1903-1981) an American psychologist statistician conducted research on human behaviour within different types of organisation during his research he studied different styles of leadership defined four main types of management system as follows.Exploitive / Authoritative System.Decisions are imposed on employees.Employees are motivated by means of threats i.e. the loss of their job.High levels of management have great righteousness.There is no responsibility for low levels of management.Poor communication teamwork.Consultative SystemThe leadership will have some bank in their employees.Motivation is gained by rewards by having involvement in the decision making.There is a variable level of responsibility over all levels of management.There is some communication teamwork.Participative Group SystemThe leadership have full confidence in their employees.Motivation is gained via economic reward earned through critical point targets being met.All employees feel that they have a responsibility for the companys targets.Good communication team work tales place.Benevolent / Authoritative SystemLeadership via master / servant trust.Motivation is gained by the provision of rewards i.e. pay increases.Levels of management have great responsibility.There is no responsibility for low levels of management.Poor communication teamwork.The style a leader adopts depends on their perception of their workers motivation for example, do workers need to be driven autocratically and motivated by wage increases or are they better motivated by being allowed to vocalize their opinions assist in the decision making.A leadership styles success d epends on the circumstances the leader is in, for example if a leader is under pressure it may be more upright to use an autocratic style of leadership. How close workers are may also have an influence, for example a team of workers who have worked together for a long time may be more motivated by being involved in the making of decisions. The method of leadership adopted should be carefully considered as leadership styles can also affect employee motivation.Team WorkingTeam working can be beneficial in many circumstances in the workplace. This allows for more ideas to be generated more feedback to be received by the management. Team working also allows for greater coordination of works while allowing individuals to use their strengths in place of other team members weaknesses.Merit CriteriaSchools of ManagementDuring the late 19th early 20th centuries, management theory was developed was classified as either scientific management or administrative management many of the techniq ues concepts are still used in modern management.